Mykolas Kęsgaila

Mykolas Kęsgaila Valimantaitis[note 1] (died ca. 1450) was a Lithuanian nobleman from Deltuva. He established the Kęsgailos family in Samogitia, where their power rivaled that of the Grand Duke of Lithuania.[1] Mykolas Kęsgaila was the deputy of Ukmergė (1409–1412), Elder of Samogitia (1412–1432, 1440–1441, and 1443–1450), and castellan of Vilnius (1443–1448).[2] He was a father of Jonas Kęsgaila and Mykolas Kęsgaila the Younger.

Mykolas was first mentioned in the Union of Vilnius and Radom of 1401.[3] He was a strong supporter of Grand Duke Vytautas, who awarded the loyal ally with the seat of Elder of Samogitia as Mykolas' mother was of Samogitian stock.[4] Mykolas presided over Christianization of Samogitia in 1413, subdued a peasant rebellion in 1418,[2] and foiled a plot by nobles against Vytautas in 1419.[4] In 1430, after death of Vytautas, Mykolas Kęsgaila and his brothers Rumbaudas and Jaunius Valimantaitis supported the accession of Švitrigaila to the Lithuanian throne. He signed the Treaty of Skirsnemunė of 1431 – alliance of Švitrigaila with the Teutonic Knights in the Lithuanian Civil War (1431–1435). After Sigismund Kęstutaitis seized power, Mykolas and his brothers were imprisoned. Rumbaudas and Jaunius were executed, while Mykolas managed to restore his power and domains.[5] Possibly such an outcome was influenced by Mykolas' daughter, the wife of Sigismund's influential ally Jonas Goštautas.[5] Mykolas witnessed the Union of Grodno of 1432 between Sigismund and Jogaila, King of Poland.[2] According to the Bychowiec Chronicle, after the murder of Sigismund in 1440, Mykolas was among supporters of Casimir IV Jagiellon for the throne of Grand Duke.[6] For such support, he was reinstated as Elder of Samogitia, but the Samogitians did not want to recognize Casimir's authority. As a compromise, Casimir granted a privilege affirming semi-autonomic status of the region and granting new freedoms to the nobles. Mykolas was able to return to the office.[6]

Notes

  1. ^ Mykolas (Michael) is Christian given name, Kęsgaila is pagan given name, and Valimantaitis is patronymic used as last name. His sons used Kęsgaila as their last name.

References

  1. ^ (Lithuanian) Petrauskas, Rimvydas; Jūratė Kiaupienė (2009). Lietuvos istorija. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė. IV. Baltos lankos. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-9955-23-239-1. 
  2. ^ a b c (Lithuanian) Jonas Zinkus, et al., ed (1985–1988). "Kęsgailos". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija. II. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 298. LCC 86232954. 
  3. ^ (Lithuanian) Petrauskas, Rimvydas (2003). Lietuvos diduomenė XIV a. pabaigoje – XV a.. Aidai. p. 250. ISBN 9955-445-67-X. 
  4. ^ a b (Lithuanian) Petrauskas, Rimvydas; Jūratė Kiaupienė (2009). Lietuvos istorija. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė. IV. Baltos lankos. p. 408. ISBN 978-9955-23-239-1. 
  5. ^ a b (Lithuanian) Petrauskas, Rimvydas; Jūratė Kiaupienė (2009). Lietuvos istorija. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė. IV. Baltos lankos. pp. 390–391. ISBN 978-9955-23-239-1. 
  6. ^ a b (Lithuanian) Petrauskas, Rimvydas; Jūratė Kiaupienė (2009). Lietuvos istorija. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė. IV. Baltos lankos. pp. 395, 398. ISBN 978-9955-23-239-1.